Exploring the Mediating Role of Hope in the Impact of Self-Expansion and Self Suppression on Self-Efficacy

Abstract

This study explored how hope mediates the relationship between two distinct psychological coping styles—self-expansion and self-suppression—and their impact on self-efficacy among young adults aged 18 to 25. Self-expansion involves engaging in enriching, growth-oriented activities, while self-suppression reflects avoidance-based behaviors that seek to numb or hide distress. Using validated self-report measures, data were collected from 200 participants (100 males and 100 females) through an online survey. Mediation analysis revealed that hope significantly mediates the relationship between self-expansion and self-efficacy, suggesting that individuals who pursue personal growth are more likely to foster hope, which in turn strengthens their belief in their ability to manage life’s challenges. Conversely, self-suppression did not show a significant direct or indirect relationship with self-efficacy, although theoretical models suggest potential long-term negative effects. These findings highlight the powerful role of hope as a psychological resource and underscore the value of promoting self-expanding behaviors—especially during early adulthood. By identifying pathways through which individuals build resilience and confidence, this study contributes to a more compassionate understanding of human motivation and well-being. Future research is encouraged to explore these dynamics longitudinally and across diverse cultural contexts.